First, some general guidelines that I have noticed (anecdotal, it may not work on every single word).
"ces" in the middle of a word, surrounded by vowels, tends to be pronounced just as one "s" sound.
Examples:
Leicester - sounds like - "lester"
Bicester - "bister"
Gloucester - "gloster"
Shire sounds more like the word "sure" when describing an area.
Examples:
Oxfordshire
Buckinghamshire
Berkshire
If you use the two rules above, you can pronounce Worcestershire nearly correctly (just don't forget not to pronounce the second "r" and you're good).
If the word ends with "wick" or "wark" the "w" doesn't seem to be pronounced.
Examples:
Warwick - "worrick"
Southwark - "sutherk"
"Mouth" at the end of a place name kind of sounds like "myth."
Examples:
Plymouth
Dartmouth
Borough or burgh is shortened to something like "bro" or "brah"
Examples:
Edinburgh
Scarborough
If the place name ends with "ham" the "h" isn't pronounced.
Examples:
Tottenham - "tottenem"
Lavenham - "lavenem"
Now, here are a few other words that don't seem to follow any rules as far as I can tell...
Marylebone* - "marleybone"
Slough (this is where I've been living!) - rhymes with "cow"
Greenwich - "grenich" (I guess this follows the rule of not pronouncing the w)
Reading - "redding"
Ruislip - "rye-slip"
Beakonsfield - "beckonsfield"
Click here for a video demonstrating some of the words I mentioned and some I didn't. She talks about a couple that came from Welsh, which I haven't come across yet. I'll come back and add any more that I notice in the future!
*Marylebone is mentioned in the video and she pronounces it slightly differently. The pronunciation I have put is what I hear announced at the tube station.
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